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A bootable copy of OS X or macOS on a USB flash drive is a great emergency backup tool to have on hand. It allows you to be ready to go almost immediately should anything happen to your existing startup drive.
Why a flash drive? A bootable external or internal hard drive works well for desktop Macs but presents a cumbersome problem for notebook Macs. A flash drive is a simple, inexpensive, and portable emergency boot device that can handle OS X or the macOS. Heck, it can even have both operating systems installed, letting you use the emergency USB flash drive to boot any of the Mac's you may have. Even if you don’t use a notebook, you may want to have a bootable USB flash drive on hand.
Any Mac that has an SD card slot and is running OS X 10.6.5 or later can use the exFAT file system. ExFAT is also supported in Boot Camp with Windows 7, 8.1, or 10 on any Mac made in 2011 or later with an SD card slot. Any External Drive that i connect to my OSX machine that i plan to also use with Windows i make the volume an NTFS volume. OsxFUSE(googlecode) will allow you to write EXT3&4,ZFS,NTFS, and basicly any Filesystem on your MAC.
After restarting, your Mac-formatted drive should show up under This PC. This method only gives you read access to the drive. Connect your Mac-formatted drive to your Windows system, open HFSExplorer, and click File > Load File System From Device. If your Mac is running OSX Lion or something newer this may be the case. But you can open HFSExplorer, read a Mac-formatted drive, and copy the files to your Windows PC without paying a dime. It can also mount Mac.dmg disk images to get at the files inside them. This application’s read-only nature isn’t necessarily a bad thing. A user of an Intel Mac running Windows with Boot Camp in need of accessing the files on the Mac OS X hard drive. Owners of HFS+-formatted iPods, that wish to access their content from within. Yes, in most cases you should be able to open a file created on a Mac on your Windows computer. If you have the Mac version of a Windows program (such as Microsoft Office) it will likely save files in a format that can be read by your Windows computer (it will add the correct file extension).
What You Will Need
- An Intel-based Macintosh
- An install DVD of OS X 10.5 (Leopard), OS X 10.6 (Snow Leopard) or the downloaded installer image of OS X 10.7 or later or macOS Sierra and later.
- A 16 GB or larger USB flash drive
We’ve chosen to use a 16 GB or larger flash drive as a minimum for two reasons. First, a 16 GB flash drive is large enough to accommodate the current minimum amount of space required to install OS X directly from the install DVD, or macOS from a download from the Mac app store, or from the Recovery HD.
Eliminating the need to pare down the OS to get it to fit on the USB flash drive significantly simplifies the installation process. Second, the cost of USB flash drives is falling. A 16 GB USB flash drive is large enough to install both a complete copy of the macOS and some of your favorite applications or recovery utilities, making it a budget-friendly emergency device that can boot your Mac and possibly repair or recover its data and get it running again.
Using a larger flash drive can allow you to install multiple versions of the Mac operating system, or include additional utilities and apps you feel would meet your needs in an emergency. We've used a 64 GB flash drive divided into two 32 GB partitions to allow us to install OS X Yosemite and macOS Sierra which is the two Mac OS's used on our Mac's here at home.
Selecting a USB Flash Drive for Booting Your Mac
Selecting a USB flash drive to use for creating a bootable OS X or macOS device is actually relatively straightforward, but here are some concerns to consider and a few suggestions to make the selection process easier.
Compatibility
The good news is that we haven’t come across any USB flash drives that are not compatible for this purpose. If you check the specifications of USB flash drives, you may notice that they sometimes don’t mention Macs, but fear not. All USB-based flash drives use a common interface and protocol to ensure compatibility; Mac OS and Intel-based Macs follow these same standards.
Size
It’s possible to install a bootable copy of OS X on USB flash drives smaller than 8 GB, but it requires fiddling around with OS X’s individual components and packages, removing the packages you don’t need, and paring down some of OS X’s capabilities.
For this article, we’re going to forego the extra steps and all that fiddling, and instead install a fully functional copy of OS X onto a USB flash drive. We recommend a 16 GB or larger flash drive because it’s big enough to install a complete copy of OS X, with room to spare for a few applications.
This is also true of macOS, the later versions of the Mac operating system. 16 GB is really the smallest size flash drive you should consider, and like just like most storage issues, bigger is better.
Speed
Speed is a mixed bag for USB flash drives. In general, they’re pretty speedy at reading data but they can be agonizingly slow at writing it. Our primary purpose for the USB flash drive is to serve as an emergency boot and data recovery drive, so we’re most concerned with read speed. Focus on read speeds rather than write speeds when you shop for a USB flash drive. And don’t be alarmed when it takes longer than normal to install the Mac OS, because you will be writing lots of data.
Type
USB flash drives are available in multiple flavors of the USB interface. While the standards tend to change over time, currently USB 2 and USB 3 are the two common interface types. Both will work with your Mac, but if your Mac has USB 3.0 ports (most Macs since 2012 have USB 3 ports), you will want to use a flash drive with USB 3 support for the faster read and write speeds available.
If you're using a MacBook with USB 3-C ports, you will likely need an adapter to go between USB 3-C and USB 3. Apple is the primary source for this type of adapter, but as USB-C gains popularity, you will be able to find third party suppliers at reasonable prices for the adapters.
Format Your USB Flash Drive for Use with the Mac
Most USB flash drives are formatted for use with Windows. Before you can install OS X on a USB flash drive, you will need to change the drive’s formatting to the standard used by OS X (Mac OS X Extended Journaled).
Format Your USB Flash Drive
- Insert the USB flash drive into your Mac’s USB port.
- Launch Disk Utility, located at /Applications/Utilities/.
- In the list of drives attached to your Mac, select the USB flash drive device. In our case, it’s called 14.9 GB SanDisk Cruzer Media. (Like lumber, hard drives and flash drives are actually slightly smaller than their specs would have you believe.)
- Click the Partition tab.
- Select 1 Partition from the Volume Scheme drop-down menu.
- Enter a descriptive name for your flash drive; we chose Boot Tools.
- Select Mac OS X Extended (Journaled) from the Format drop-down menu.
- Click the Options button.
- Select GUID Partition Table from the list of available partition schemes.
- Click OK.
- Click the Apply button.
- A sheet will drop down, warning you that you are about to erase all data from the disk. Click Partition.
- Disk Utility will format and partition your flash drive.
- Quit Disk Utility.
If you're using OS X El Capitan or later you may notice that Disk Utility looks and operates a bit different. The process for formatting your flash drive is very similar to what is outlined above.
Enable Ownership of Your USB Flash Drive
In order for a drive to be bootable, it must support ownership, which is the ability of files and folders to have specific ownership and permissions.
- Locate the USB flash drive on your Mac desktop, right-click its icon, and select Get Info from the pop-up menu.
- In the Info window that opens, expand the Sharing & Permissions section, if it’s not already expanded.
- Click the lock icon in the bottom right corner.
- Enter your administrator password when asked.
- Remove the check mark from Ignore ownership on this volume.
- Close the Info panel.
Install OS X or macOS on Your USB Flash Drive
Once you complete the previous step, your USB flash drive will be ready for you to install OS X.
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Install OS X
We prepared the USB flash drive by partitioning and formatting it and then enabling ownership. The flash drive will now appear to the OS X installer as just another hard drive that is ready for installation of OS X. Because of our preparation, the steps for installing OS X will be no different than a standard OS X installation.
Having said that, we recommend that you customize the software packages that OS X will install. Because of the limited space on the USB flash drive, you will need to remove any printer drivers that you don’t use, as well as all of the extra language support that OS X installs. Don’t worry if this sounds complicated; the installation instructions we link to here are step-by-step guides and they include information on customizing software packages.
Before you begin the installation, a few notes about the process. As we mentioned earlier, USB flash drives are much slower at writing data. Since the installation process is all about writing data to the USB flash drive, it’s going to take quite some time. When we performed the installation, it took about two hours. So be patient, and don’t worry about how slow some of the processes seem; this is normal. You can expect to see plenty of beach balls and slow responses as you work your way through the installation process.
Ready to install? Click the link below for your OS and follow the step-by-step guide.
Using a USB Flash Drive as a Startup Volume
Now that you have installed OS X on your USB flash drive, you’ve probably noticed how slow it seems. This is normal for flash-based drives, and there’s not much you can do about it, except to buy the fastest USB flash drive in your price range.
If speed is a big issue for you, you can entertain the idea of purchasing a small SSD in a portable enclosure. Some manufacturers are making SSDs that are just slightly larger than the standard flash drive. Of course, you will pay a premium for the speed.
It’s important to remember why you’re creating this startup drive. It’s for use in an emergency, when your Mac won’t boot, either because of a hard drive problem or a software-related problem. A bootable USB flash drive will help you get your Mac back to working condition, by letting you use all of the tools a fully-working Mac has available.
In addition to being able to use Disk Utility, the Finder, and Terminal, and have access to the Internet, you can also load some specific emergency tools onto your USB flash drive. Here are some of the utilities we suggest installing. You don’t need to have all of them; in fact, it’s unlikely they would all fit onto the flash drive after you install OS X, but having one or two certainly makes sense.
Emergency Utilities
- Data Rescue for data recovery.
- DiskWarrior for data recovery, disk testing, and disk repair.
- Drive Genius for disk repair, defragmenting, partitioning, copying, and other useful tools.
- TechTool Pro for memory testing, drive testing, data recovery, and Mac hardware testing.
The advantages of Unibeast vs. Niresh
Niresh is a distro, which is a pirated copy of Mac OS X that has been modified to work with a PC. Distros are a popular Hackintosh alternative to Unibeast, a better-known installation tool which requires a retail copy of Mac OS X instead. If you don't have any qualms with the legal issues regarding distros, they're actually the most convenient way to set up your Hackintosh.
Unlike previous versions of Mac OS X, Apple released OS X Mavericks onto the Mac App Store for free, meaning that the Unibeast method is now 100% free to use. However, using a distro to install Mac OS X still offers a far share of advantages:
- You don't need a real Mac. Unibeast is a Mac app, so you need to have an existing Mac OS X installation for it to work. This usually means that you either have to find a real Mac, or set up a Mac virtual machine. However, with Niresh, you can just set up everything from a Windows computer.
- The post-installation is easier. By default, Niresh will automatically install necessary Hackintosh-specific kexts and drivers for your computer when you boot your Mac OS X installation for the first time. Unibeast requires you to do this manually, using the Multibeast tool. While the post-installation in Niresh isn't perfect (you'll probably have to use Multibeast anyways), it's still a nice convenience.
- You can install it on a hard drive that already has Windows installed. By default, the Mac OS X installer will not work with hard drives that were originally formatted in Windows. Therefore, if your computer's hard drive already has Windows installed on it, you won't be able to install Mac OS X on there. Normally, you can bypass this limitation on Unibeast by applying the MBR patch; however, Niresh does this for you automatically, saving you one extra step.
- Niresh supports AMD. Normally, computers that use AMD processors are unsupported by Mac OS X. However, Niresh includes experimental 'patched' kernels that may allow Mac OS X to work with these processors regardless.
Interested? Here are the requirements:
- An existing Windows computer/Mac/Hackintosh: This is the computer where you will download and set up Niresh. The computer can run either Windows or Mac OS X; both operating systems will work.
- A Hackintosh-compatible computer with an empty hard drive: This is the computer where you will install OS X Mavericks. It can be the same computer as the one mentioned in the previous point. If your computer already has Mac OS X installed, Niresh will just update OS X normally, without deleting any of your apps or files.
However, not every computer will work with Mac OS X. Be sure to read the Hackintosh compatibility guide very carefully, to check whether or not your computer qualifies. Also, Mac OS X needs its own hard drive-- a minimum of 10 GB of space is required, but at least 50 GB of space is recommended. It's preferred that you use a completely empty hard drive for this, but if your computer already has Windows installed on your hard drive, be sure to create an appropriate hard disk partition for OS X Mavericks beforehand (by following Step 1 of our guide to MBR partitions). - Niresh 10.9 (a.k.a. Mavericks Zone) (Free): Niresh is a 'distro' of OS X Mavericks that has been modified to work with PCs. You will need to use a bittorrent client to download the disk image file, which is a little less than 6 GB in size. On the Niresh website, you'll be given an option to either download the 'ISO Version' or the 'USB version' of 'Niresh - 10.9 - Mavericks'. While either version will probably work, download the DMG version, just in case.
- An empty USB drive (6 GB or larger): In this guide, you will write Niresh onto a USB drive, and boot your computer from that drive to install OS X Mavericks. The USB drive must be at least 6 GB in size. Since you will need to erase all of the files on the USB drive, make sure to back up its contents first. You can reuse this USB drive for normal stuff after you finish installing Mavericks.
- Win32 Disk Imager: (Free): If you're using a Windows computer to set up Niresh, you need to use Win32 Disk Imager to write the Niresh disk image file onto your USB drive.
- Multibeast (Free): Multibeast is a collection of kext files that your Hackintosh will need to run properly, after the initial installation. Be sure to download the newest version 6 of Multibeast, not the older versions 3, 4, or 5 (which are for Snow Leopard, Lion, or Mountain Lion respectively).
1a. Create your Niresh USB drive (Mac)
diskutil list
Press the enter/return key. This command will output a list of drives currently connected to Mac OS X, including your USB drive. Each drive is labeled with an identifier such as 'disk0', 'disk1', etc. In the screenshot below, my USB drive (which is named 'PIZZA') has the identifier 'disk4'. Remember this identifier.
Next, type the following commands:
diskutil unmountdisk /dev/'identifier'
sudo dd if='location of Niresh disk image' of=/dev/r'identifier' bs=1m
Replace 'identifier' with the actual identifier of your USB drive (don't include the quotation marks), and replace 'location of Niresh disk image' with the actual file path of the Niresh disk image that you downloaded (also without quotation marks). In the screenshot above, my Niresh disk image is located in the 'Downloads' folder of my 'Kitten' hard drive, so I type if=/Volumes/Kitten/Downloads/OSX-Mavericks.dmg as part of the second command. Meanwhile, my USB drive had the disk4 identifier, so I type of=/dev/rdisk4 (don't forget the letter 'r' before the identifier).
Press the enter/return key. Terminal will ask for your system password. After you enter your password, it will begin writing the Niresh disk image onto the USB drive. This will probably take 15-30 minutes, though it may take longer, depending on the speed of your USB drive. The terminal screen will be frozen during the whole process-- this is normal! Once it finishes, your USB drive will contain a fully bootable version of the OS X Mavericks installer.
1b. Create your Niresh USB drive (Windows)
Follow this step if you're setting up Niresh on Windows. Plug your USB drive into your computer, and open Window's built-in Disk Management utility. You can easily do this by typing 'partition' into your Start Menu search bar and choosing the 'Create and Format hard drive partitions' option.
You will see a list of drives connected to Windows. Right-click on your USB drive, and click 'Format'. From here, erase the USB drive (you can rename and format the drive any way you want-- it doesn't really matter).
Next, open Win32 Disk Imager. Click the blue file icon on the app's main screen. In the Windows Explorer window that pops up, select your downloaded Niresh disk image; this file will probably be named 'OSX-Mavericks.dmg'. (You will only be able to see the file when you select the '*.*' option in the 'Files of type' field-- the default 'Disk Images' option won't work)
Next, select the device letter of your USB drive, and click 'Write'.
Win32 Disk Imager will begin writing the Niresh disk image onto your USB drive. This will probably take 10-15 minutes, though it may take longer, depending on the speed of the drive. Once it finishes, your USB drive will contain a fully bootable version of the OS X Mavericks installer.
2. Set up the parts of your PC
I covered these steps in my Snow Leopard guide, but they're worth mentioning again:
- Unplug all USB-connected devices from your computer before you begin the setup (except your keyboard and mouse). A faulty external USB hard drive can cause your Hackintosh bootloader to give you EBIOS errors on startup.
- Open up your computer and unplug any extra internal hard drives that your computer has, besides the hard drive that you're installing OS X on. (Just unplug the hard drive SATA cables from your motherboard.)
- If possible, connect your monitor to the DVI port of your computer's graphics. The Mac OS X installer sometimes has problems with HDMI and VGA.
3. Set up your motherboard's BIOS
The BIOS is basically a settings page for your motherboard. To enter the BIOS on my own computer's Gigabyte P67A-D3-B3 motherboard, I have to press the delete key when it boots (before the operating system starts). Different manufacturers set different keys for opening the BIOS.
NOTE: If you have a newer Gigabyte motherboard that uses the UEFI interface instead of BIOS, check out our guide for setting up the UEFI instead.
If your Hackintosh already has Mac OS X Snow Leopard, Lion, or Mountain Lion installed, the only thing you'll need to change in the BIOS is the 'Boot Device', so that your Niresh USB drive has highest priority.
If your Hackintosh doesn't have any version of Mac OS X installed yet, you have to change a few extra BIOS settings. Before starting, reset all of your BIOS settings to their factory defaults. On Gigabyte motherboards, you can reset your BIOS settings to their default by selecting 'Load Optimized Defaults' on the main page of the BIOS. Once your BIOS is running on its defaults, you need to change these three settings:
Boot Device - Change the boot device of your computer so that 'USB-HDD' is first. You need to do this for Niresh to work. After you finish installing Mac OS X, you should change this setting back to default, so that 'Hard Disk' is the first boot device (this optional, but it will speed up your boot times).
HPET - Change this to 64-bit.
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SATA Control Mode (your BIOS might call this a different name) - This will probably already be set to 'SATA', 'IDE', or 'RAID'. Change it to 'AHCI'. Mac OS X only works with AHCI.4. Boot into Niresh
Restart your Hackintosh, and plug in your Niresh USB drive. If things go well, your computer will boot from the USB drive instead of booting from your normal hard disk. You will then be able to view the Niresh menu.
If you do not manage to reach the Niresh menu, check your motherboard's BIOS settings to make sure that the changes you made in Step 3 were properly applied. If they were, but you still cannot boot from the Niresh USB drive, unplug your USB drive, and go back to Step 1. Reformat your USB drive with Disk Utility and try again. If all else fails, try using a different USB drive for Niresh.
At the Niresh menu, press the enter key (or return key) to start the OS X Mavericks installer. The installer screen will take several minutes to load. If you are trying to install OS X Mavericks on a computer using an AMD processor, you'll have to type the boot flag 'amd' or 'amd64' (without quotation marks)-- which flag you need depends on your specific processor, so test one flag a time. Type the boot flag 'amdfx' (also without quotation marks) if your AMD processor has 'FX' in its model name.
In the worst case scenarios, instead of loading the Mac OS X installer, you may end up at a dark gray screen that tells you to restart your computer (a kernel panic), or you may end up with a small crossed-out sign (a loading error). If you get a kernel panic/loading error (or if the Mac OS X installer simply won't start within 10 minutes), you'll need to enter some boot flags. To enter boot flags, manually restart your computer by pressing your computer's power button. Then, once you've booted back into the Niresh menu, try typing any necessary boot flags before pressing the enter/return key. Check out our list of common boot flags and our guide to fixing boot problems with verbose mode for reference.
When erasing, the format should be set to 'Mac OS Extended (Journaled)'. You can also partition the hard disk by using Disk Utility's Partition tab.
NOTE:
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Mac OS X cannot boot from a partition that's larger than 1 TB in size, so if you have a 2 TB hard drive, you will have to partition it.On the installation page for Mac OSX, the hard disk/disk partition should now be showing up. Select it, and then click the 'Customize' button on the bottom left. This is where using a distro becomes really useful: Niresh allows you to install extra Hackintosh drivers and kexts, straight from the OS X Mavericks installer. The 'Customize' page essentially does the same thing as Multibeast, though the layout (and most of the names of the options) are different.
However, choosing the right options from this page can be really tricky, so unless you're absolutely certain about which drivers and kexts you need to install for your computer, I don't recommend installing too much stuff from here. The default selection will enable Mac OS X to boot from the hard drive without any assistance, and automatically enable audio and ethernet. For most computers, that will be enough.
If you wish to install more, refer to our guide to Multibeast. Otherwise, you can figure out the rest in Step 7, where you'll actually set up your Hackintosh with Multibeast.
If your computer already has Mac OS X installed and you are simply updating it to Mavericks, you can just uncheck all of these options. Mac OS X treats Mavericks as just another update-- there's no need to reinstall all of your kexts and drivers.
Once you're done with the 'Customize' page, install Mavericks. This will take at least 30 minutes.
6. Boot into Mac OS X
Once the installation finishes, remove your Niresh USB drive, and restart your computer. At the boot screen, you'll see an icon for the hard drive where you installed Mavericks. Select it (use the arrow keys on your computer) and press 'Enter'.
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Mavericks will boot. Mission accomplished! Once again, if you get a kernel panic/loading error when you try to boot your new Mavericks installation (or if the installation simply won't start within 10 minutes), you'll need to enter some boot flags. To enter boot flags, manually restart your computer by pressing your computer's power button. Then, once you've booted back into the Niresh menu, try type any necessary boot flags before pressing the enter/return key. Check out our list of common boot flags and our guide to fixing boot problems with verbose mode for reference.
Once Mavericks has booted successfully, click through through the Mac OS X setup screens until you reach the desktop. From here, Niresh will work its magic, and automatically install the rest of the Hackintosh-specific kexts and drivers from Step 5.
Wait several minutes, while this process works in the background. Once you receive a notification saying that the installation has been completed, restart your computer.
7. Multibeast
Multibeast is a collection of kext files that you usually need to install for your Hackintosh to have sound, internet, a high resolution screen, and more. Different Hackintosh builds require different Multibeast setups, though most setups are very similar. Find out what Multibeast options you need to install. If you have a Gigabyte GA-P67A-D3-B3 motherboard like me, check out my own Multibeast setup.
Since Niresh already installs a lot of necessary kexts for your Hackintosh automatically, you probably won't have to manually install audio or ethernet kexts with Multibeast. However, you may still want to use Multibeast to run UserDSDT, apply a few extra fixes, etc.
If you're just updating your Hackintosh from an older version of Mac OS X, you don't have to reinstall UserDSDT, Easybeast, or Chimera in Multibeast after installing Mavericks. Mac OS X treats Mavericks as just another update. You might also have to reinstall miscellaneous kexts, such as TRIM Enabler (for SSDs).Mac Os X Drive Reader For Pc 10 Read
To run Multibeast in OS X Mavericks, you have to go the 'Security' section of System Preferences in Mac OS X, go to the 'General' section, and check 'Anywhere' in the 'Allow applications' section. After running Multibeast, you'll also probably want to change your BIOS settings back to normal (from Step 3).Once that's done with, you should be running a fully functional copy of OS X Mavericks on your PC. If you plan on updating Mac OS X in the future, check out our guide to updating your Hackintosh. Congratulations!